瀝青路面的再生技術(shù)，是將舊瀝青路面經(jīng)過翻挖、回收、破碎、篩分后，與再生劑、新瀝青材料、新集料等按一定比例重新拌和混合料，使之能夠滿足一定的路用性能并用其重新鋪筑路面的一套工藝技術(shù)。目前我國的公路建設(shè)飛速發(fā)展，每年投資規(guī)模已經(jīng)超過2000億元。在90年代以后陸續(xù)建成的高速公路已進(jìn)入大、中修期，大量的翻挖、銑刨瀝青混合料被廢棄，一方面造成環(huán)境污染，另一方面對于我國這種優(yōu)良瀝青出色為匱乏國家來說是一種資源的浪費(fèi)，而且大量的使用新石料，開采石礦會(huì)導(dǎo)致森林植被減少，水土流失等嚴(yán)重的生態(tài)環(huán)境破壞。按照瀝青的設(shè)計(jì)壽命（15－20年），從現(xiàn)在起，每年有12%的瀝青路面需要翻修，舊瀝青廢棄量將達(dá)到每年220萬噸之巨，如能加以利用，每年可節(jié)省材料費(fèi)3.5億人民幣，而這個(gè)數(shù)字是以每年15%的速度增長的。10年以后，瀝青路面的大、中修產(chǎn)生的舊瀝青混合料將達(dá)到1000萬噸，屆時(shí)通過再生利用每年可節(jié)約材料費(fèi)15億元。否則這些為數(shù)巨大的瀝青混凝土層翻挖后只能白白的廢棄掉，不僅浪費(fèi)了資源，也會(huì)對環(huán)境造成嚴(yán)重的污染。因此，瀝青再生技術(shù)的研究、推廣和相關(guān)專用設(shè)備的開發(fā)，對降低建設(shè)成本、保護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境以及對我們國家的公路建設(shè)都有出色大的意義，隨著我國高等級(jí)瀝青路面維修養(yǎng)護(hù)量不斷增加，對瀝青路面再生技術(shù)有必要加強(qiáng)理論研究，開發(fā)合適的再生劑和機(jī)械設(shè)備，為再生舊料在實(shí)際工程中的大量應(yīng)用奠定基礎(chǔ)。

The recycling technology for asphalt pavement involves a set of processes that involve digging up, recycling, crushing, and screening old asphalt pavement, and then mixing it with recycling agents, new asphalt materials, and new aggregates in a certain proportion to form a mixture that meets certain road performance requirements. This mixture is then used to repave the road. Currently, China's highway construction is developing rapidly, with an annual investment scale exceeding 200 billion yuan. The expressways built since the 1990s have entered the period of major and medium maintenance, and a large amount of excavated and milled asphalt mixture is discarded. On the one hand, this causes environmental pollution. On the other hand, for a country like China, which is extremely short of high-quality asphalt, this is a waste of resources. Furthermore, the extensive use of new stones and the mining of stone quarries lead to serious ecological environment damage such as forest vegetation reduction and soil erosion. According to the design life of asphalt (15-20 years), from now on, 12% of the asphalt pavement needs to be renovated every year, and the amount of discarded old asphalt will reach a huge 2.2 million tons per year. If it can be utilized, the annual material cost can be saved by 350 million yuan, and this figure is growing at a rate of 15% per year. In 10 years, the amount of old asphalt mixture generated from major and medium maintenance of asphalt pavement will reach 10 million tons. By recycling, the annual material cost can be saved by 1.5 billion yuan. Otherwise, these huge amounts of asphalt concrete layers will be discarded after being excavated, which not only wastes resources but also causes serious environmental pollution. Therefore, the research, promotion, and development of dedicated equipment for asphalt recycling technology are of great significance for reducing construction costs, protecting the ecological environment, and promoting highway construction in our country. With the continuous increase in the maintenance and repair of high-grade asphalt pavement in China, it is necessary to strengthen theoretical research on asphalt pavement recycling technology, develop suitable recycling agents and mechanical equipment, and lay the foundation for the large-scale application of recycled old materials in practical engineering.

1 國內(nèi)外研究概況

　　國外對瀝青路面再生利用研究，早期從1915年在美國開始的，但由于以后大規(guī)模的公路建設(shè)而忽視了對該技術(shù)的研究。1973年石油危機(jī)爆發(fā)后美國對這項(xiàng)技術(shù)才引起重視，并在全國范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行廣泛研究，到八十年代末美國再生瀝青混合料的用量幾乎為全部路用瀝青混合料的一半，并且在再生劑開發(fā)、再生混合料的設(shè)計(jì)、施工設(shè)備等方面的研究也日趨深入。瀝青路面的再生利用在美國已是常規(guī)實(shí)踐，目前其重復(fù)利用率高達(dá)80％。

1. Overview of Research at Home and AbroadThe research on the recycling and reuse of asphalt pavement began in the United States in 1915, but due to the subsequent large-scale construction of roads, the research on this technology was neglected. After the outbreak of the oil crisis in 1973, the United States began to pay attention to this technology and conducted extensive research nationwide. By the end of the 1980s, the amount of recycled asphalt mixture used in the United States was almost half of all road asphalt mixture, and research in the development of recycling agents, design of recycled mixtures, construction equipment, and other aspects has become increasingly in-depth. The recycling and reuse of asphalt pavement has become a routine practice in the United States, with a current reuse rate as high as 80%.

西歐國家也十分重視這項(xiàng)技術(shù)，聯(lián)邦德國是非常早將再生料應(yīng)用于高速公路路面養(yǎng)護(hù)的國家，1978年就將全部廢棄瀝青路面材料加以回收利用。芬蘭幾乎所有的城鎮(zhèn)都組織舊路面材料的收集和儲(chǔ)存工作。法國現(xiàn)在也已開始在高速公路和一些重交通道路的路面修復(fù)工程中推廣應(yīng)用這項(xiàng)技術(shù)。

Western European countries also attach great importance to this technology. The Federal Republic of Germany was the first country to apply recycled materials to the maintenance of highway pavements, recycling all discarded asphalt pavement materials in 1978. Almost all towns and cities in Finland organize the collection and storage of old pavement materials. France has also begun to promote the application of this technology in pavement repair projects for highways and some heavy traffic roads.

2 舊瀝青路面材料的性能

　　瀝青混凝土路面使用粘結(jié)力較強(qiáng)的瀝青材料作結(jié)合料，大大增強(qiáng)了礦料間的粘結(jié)力，提高了混合料的強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定性，使路面的使用質(zhì)量和耐久性得到提高。瀝青混凝土路面具有表面平整、不滲水、行車舒適、噪音小等優(yōu)點(diǎn)，因而獲得越來越廣泛的應(yīng)用。但它也經(jīng)常受到天氣、溫度、行車以及材料等方面的影響，以及路面結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)等方面的原因，不可避免地會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種各樣的病害，而這些病害又對行車速度、路面使用壽命、乘客舒適性以及交通安全等帶來了有害的影響。

2. Performance of old asphalt pavement materialsAsphalt concrete pavement uses asphalt materials with strong bonding strength as binder, greatly enhancing the bonding strength between mineral aggregates, improving the strength and stability of the mixture, and enhancing the quality and durability of the pavement. Asphalt concrete pavement has the advantages of smooth surface, impermeability, comfortable driving, low noise, etc., and thus has been widely used. However, it is often affected by weather, temperature, traffic, materials, and other factors, as well as pavement structure design, inevitably leading to various defects. These defects have harmful effects on driving speed, pavement service life, passenger comfort, and traffic safety.

瀝青路面老化主要是瀝青的老化和骨料的細(xì)化。瀝青路面在車輪荷載作用下，承受著壓應(yīng)力，剪應(yīng)力和拉應(yīng)力等，同時(shí)瀝青路面長期暴露于大自然，會(huì)受到各種自然因素如氧、陽光、溫度、水、風(fēng)等的作用，致使混合料中的瀝青、骨料的性能發(fā)生物理、化學(xué)變化，并非常終表現(xiàn)為瀝青混合料使用品質(zhì)下降。瀝青混凝土路面的損壞總體可分為兩大類，一類為結(jié)構(gòu)性損壞，包括路面結(jié)構(gòu)整體或其中某一部分的破壞，使路面不能支承預(yù)定的荷載；另一類為功能性損壞，它可能不伴隨結(jié)構(gòu)性損壞而發(fā)生，但由于平整度和抗滑性能等的下降，使其不再具有預(yù)定的功能，從而影響了行車質(zhì)量。

The aging of asphalt pavement primarily involves the aging of asphalt and the refinement of aggregates. Under the action of wheel loads, asphalt pavement bears compressive stress, shear stress, and tensile stress. Simultaneously, when exposed to nature for extended periods, asphalt pavement is subjected to various natural factors such as oxygen, sunlight, temperature, water, and wind. These factors induce physical and chemical changes in the properties of asphalt and aggregates within the mixture, ultimately leading to a decline in the performance quality of the asphalt mixture. The overall damage to asphalt concrete pavement can be broadly categorized into two types. One type is structural damage, which involves the destruction of the entire pavement structure or a specific part of it, rendering the pavement incapable of supporting the predetermined load. The other type is functional damage, which may occur without accompanying structural damage. However, due to the deterioration of flatness and skid resistance, it no longer performs its intended function, thereby affecting the quality of driving.

3 瀝青路面再生施工方法

　　再生瀝青路面的施工按溫度可分為熱法施工和冷法施工。熱法施工按施工工藝又可分為現(xiàn)場熱再生法和廠拌熱再生法。

3. Construction Methods for Asphalt Pavement RecyclingThe construction of recycled asphalt pavement can be divided into hot and cold methods based on temperature. The hot method can further be categorized into on-site hot recycling and plant-mix hot recycling based on the construction process.